I am trying to understand how the fuel system operates. Does the pump receive a constant full voltage signal, on/off, or is it variable? Also, is the signal tied to the ignition or with the computer?
Full voltage with key on. Pump runs for 2 secs then continuously with engine crank/start. It is a loop-back system. Pump (in tank) to fuel filter to fuel rail with fuel pressure regulator attached and back to the tank.
The ECM enters the picture this way: At turn on FP relay is activated for 2 seconds then goes off. Once ECM receives a pulse from the dist it activates the relay again and keeps it on as long as there is a pulse. IE the engine is either cranking or running. If the relay fails there is a "backup" switch in the oil pressure sender that bypasses the relay and sends voltage to the pump directly but there must be oil pressure. When the engine is running both the relay and the "backup" sw in the oil pressure sender are on.
There is an empty female blade type term near the dist that is a test term. Apply 12v here and the pump should run.