WildPhil tells how to get the distributor installed with the 'rotor' in the correct position. Here's how to 'static' set the timing:
Verify the #1 plug wire position, and make a corresponding mark on the distributor base.
Be sure engine is in #1 firing position, by checking w/ #1 plug out, and lining up timing marks @ 0.
Remove the cap, have mounting bolt loose enough to turn easily by hand.
The rotor should be within 10 deg or so of the 'mark' on the base.
If not, "fix" this first. I.e, re-position the distributor in the engine, or change the wires in the cap.
Rotate dist base CLOCKWISE about 30 degrtees or so. ( So the mark is to the LEFT of the rotor).Turn key on.
Using two hands, turn the dist 'sharply' CCW while watching the relationship between the 'mark' and the rotor. As they 'get close', the dist will 'fire'. You will hear the fuel pump relay and pump run for 2 seconds.
Do this several times to get an 'average' of where the 'magic spot' is. Then put the dist in that position, tighten the bolt snugly, install the cap and wires, and fire it up.
Recheck with a timing light, with tan wire disconnected, when running, but I'm usually within a degree or two of being correct.
Learn to do this!! Your engines will fire the first time, everytime. There are no excuses for not having the timing correct the first time you fire it. It's not a mystery.
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Just to set the record straight, there is no such thing as "1 tooth off", or "180 deg out". etc. It is possible to get the engine to run with the distributor gear installed in any of the possible 13 positions. The issue is the the dist BASE may end up in a position where the wires (secondary or primary) are in the wrong position.
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DaveP